May be a pleasant surprise for students but is quite unlikeable for the conventional arts and science colleges in the country, Human Resource Development Minister Kapil Sibal’s announcement of increase of 200,000 seats in engineering courses in India. Already some of the Engineering Colleges in TN and Karnataka are in the verge of collapse due to poor inflow of students and one wonders what prompted Sibal to sanction this much seats in Engineering sector. The huge infrastructure now available with Arts and Science Colleges are poorly utilised at present due to unattractiveness in pursuing conventional education and the present decision of the government would turn the issue worse.
The liberalised scheme now applied to Engineering colleges would not bring results as the minister expect. More focus on technical education would result in lack of interest in pure science study.
K A Solaman
Thursday, December 30, 2010
Sunday, December 26, 2010
Friday, December 24, 2010
Merry X-mas and Happy new year!
May all of your world be filled with warmth and good chear this Holy season,
and throughout the year.
Wish your Christmas be filled with peace and love.
Merry X-mas friends.
K A Solaman
and throughout the year.
Wish your Christmas be filled with peace and love.
Merry X-mas friends.
K A Solaman
Tuesday, December 21, 2010
Abandon NCERT Physics text books for Plus 2
I am a retired Physics Professor (?) of an affiliated college under University of Kerala and lecturer for many years in graduate classes and erstwhile pre-degree course and still keep some interest in the subject physics. I had already shaped half a dozen First Ranks in B Sc Physics (main) of University of Kerala and hence I believe that I have a few credentials to speak about Physics. My present apprehension is about the prescription of NCERT text books for plus two classes in State Higher Secondary and CBSE schools. The present form of NCERT text books in Physcis would certainly bring hatred among students towards the much lively subject-the physics. Presumably the writers of the present text have no class room experience otherwise they have not presented the subject matter in form of ‘water flood’. What the students get from these text books is little and that is why most teachers use credible text books instead of referring the NCERT text book waste. The teachers ask students to buy NCERT books and never refer to these books while teaching. The teachers have little time to squander by reading all the rubbish in the NCERT books. I sincerely believe those writers of the text book never had been so if they had been asked to follow these text books in their school classes. Though the NCERT claim that their text books are written in conformity international standards, the presentation in foreign books are not so dreary.
The NCERT text book committee may also claim that their books would generate independent thinking among students. This sort of argument is applicable to elite classes. How can a low profile student from a poor family, unable to spell his name correctly in English even in Plus 2, without knowing the basics of Physics, think independently about new rules and ideas in Physics? The government should, therefore, reduce its control on what text book to be followed in schools and teachers and students should be given freedom in following text books.
My suggestion to the Union Human Resource Development Ministry is, ask NCERT to prescribe syllabus and not to write text books or rather compel students community to follow their text books. They can of course supply sample question paper packets and answers to students to augment their studies. The NCERT could, of course, recommend any other suitable text books to school children and if the contents are found to be prejudicial to the integrity of India or the security of the state, the books can be withdrawn. Though the present NCERT text book in Physics does not defame any community, it invites hatred to the subject Physics. Let the students learn Physics pleasantly and lively.
K A Solaman
The NCERT text book committee may also claim that their books would generate independent thinking among students. This sort of argument is applicable to elite classes. How can a low profile student from a poor family, unable to spell his name correctly in English even in Plus 2, without knowing the basics of Physics, think independently about new rules and ideas in Physics? The government should, therefore, reduce its control on what text book to be followed in schools and teachers and students should be given freedom in following text books.
My suggestion to the Union Human Resource Development Ministry is, ask NCERT to prescribe syllabus and not to write text books or rather compel students community to follow their text books. They can of course supply sample question paper packets and answers to students to augment their studies. The NCERT could, of course, recommend any other suitable text books to school children and if the contents are found to be prejudicial to the integrity of India or the security of the state, the books can be withdrawn. Though the present NCERT text book in Physics does not defame any community, it invites hatred to the subject Physics. Let the students learn Physics pleasantly and lively.
K A Solaman
Thursday, December 16, 2010
All teachers’ appointments should be done by the P S C.
Good news to hear that PSC would now carry out the appointments of staff in Universities in Kerala. The decision by the Cabinet is presumably in the backdrop of discrepancies relating to the appointment of the assistants at the university level. Why, then wait for appointment of teachers in University Departments by the P S C. Is it now alright with the appointments in University departments? Are the P S C members appointed on political basis are not competent enough to recruit to the teachers to the Departments.
All appointments including teachers of private colleges where salary is paid from State Exchequer should be transferred to the P S C. The private college managements should not be permitted to sale these posts for a price.
K A Solaman
All appointments including teachers of private colleges where salary is paid from State Exchequer should be transferred to the P S C. The private college managements should not be permitted to sale these posts for a price.
K A Solaman
Thursday, December 09, 2010
NET-Electronics qs-Descriptive and problem type
1 What are diode approximations?
A current of 2mA passes through a silicon diode of bulk resistance 25Ω. Find the voltage across the diode
2 Explain a Zener diode voltage regulator.
A 9V regulator power supply is required to run a car stereo system with a 12V battery. A zener diode with Vz= 9V and Pmax =0.25V is used as voltage regulator. Find the value of the series resistor
3 Currents I1 and I2 flow when large voltages V1 and V2 are applied to a semi-conductor diode. If V1 =2 V2 show that the value of the reverse saturation current is I0 = I22 /I1 .
4 Explain transistor as switch. With a diagram explain the voltage divider method of biasing and find the Q-point
5 A silicon transistor with β=55 is used in a voltage divider circuit. If Vcc=22.5V and VBE=0.6V, Rc =5.6K, RE=1K R1=90K, R2=10K find the Q=point and the stability factor.
6 Explain the UJT operation. What is intrinsic stand-off ratio? A UJT has a inter base resistance of 10K. It has RB =6K with IE=0. Find the UJT current if VBB=20V and VE is less that VP. Also find η, VA2 and VP2
7 The saturation drain current of JFET is 8.6mA when the gate voltage is zero. If the pinch-off voltage is -3V, calculate the drain current when the gate voltage is -1V.
8 With a suitable diagram explain the working of Hartley oscillator. Derive an expression for its frequency.
9 A certain radio receiver delivers and output of 3.6W. Find the power output required to produce a power gain of 10dB.
10 An inverting amplifier has Rf=2M and R1=2k. Find its scale factor.
11 What are combination logic gates. \give their logical equations and truth tables
12 How will you implement OR, AND, NOT, NAND using NORs.
13 How will you convert binary code into Gray code? Illustrate with example
14 Design a logic circuit to implement the operation specified in the truth table below
I------n--p-u --t o/p
A B C Y
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0
A current of 2mA passes through a silicon diode of bulk resistance 25Ω. Find the voltage across the diode
2 Explain a Zener diode voltage regulator.
A 9V regulator power supply is required to run a car stereo system with a 12V battery. A zener diode with Vz= 9V and Pmax =0.25V is used as voltage regulator. Find the value of the series resistor
3 Currents I1 and I2 flow when large voltages V1 and V2 are applied to a semi-conductor diode. If V1 =2 V2 show that the value of the reverse saturation current is I0 = I22 /I1 .
4 Explain transistor as switch. With a diagram explain the voltage divider method of biasing and find the Q-point
5 A silicon transistor with β=55 is used in a voltage divider circuit. If Vcc=22.5V and VBE=0.6V, Rc =5.6K, RE=1K R1=90K, R2=10K find the Q=point and the stability factor.
6 Explain the UJT operation. What is intrinsic stand-off ratio? A UJT has a inter base resistance of 10K. It has RB =6K with IE=0. Find the UJT current if VBB=20V and VE is less that VP. Also find η, VA2 and VP2
7 The saturation drain current of JFET is 8.6mA when the gate voltage is zero. If the pinch-off voltage is -3V, calculate the drain current when the gate voltage is -1V.
8 With a suitable diagram explain the working of Hartley oscillator. Derive an expression for its frequency.
9 A certain radio receiver delivers and output of 3.6W. Find the power output required to produce a power gain of 10dB.
10 An inverting amplifier has Rf=2M and R1=2k. Find its scale factor.
11 What are combination logic gates. \give their logical equations and truth tables
12 How will you implement OR, AND, NOT, NAND using NORs.
13 How will you convert binary code into Gray code? Illustrate with example
14 Design a logic circuit to implement the operation specified in the truth table below
I------n--p-u --t o/p
A B C Y
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0
Wednesday, December 08, 2010
Any takers? CSIR-JRF/NET-Physical Science Qs
Atomic and Molecular Physics test-10
Answer all questions Time 30 min
Max 20 marks
1 The maximum frequency of υ of continuous X-ray is related to the applied potential difference V as
a) υ α V1/2 b) υ α V c) υ α V3/2 d) υ α V2
2 Generation of X-ray is a
a) phenomenon of conversion of mass into energy
b) principle of conservation of momentum
c) phenomenon of conversion of kinetic energy into radiant energy
d) none of the above
3 X-rays can be used
a) to cure blood cancer
b) to detect defects in precious stones and diamonds
c) to detect gold under the earth
d) for cutting and welding metals
4 In the production of X-rays by Coolidge tube, intensity and quality of X-rays
a) can be controlled independently
b) cannot be controlled independently
c) are one and the same
d) none of the above
5 The intensity of X-rays mainly depends upon
a)nature of the target material b) nature of the gas in the tube
c) current in the tube d) accelerating voltage applied
6 The maximum frequency of limit of continuous X-rays depend on
a) KE of incident electron b) nature of the target
c) degree of vacuum in the tube
d) the shortest wavelength in the characteristic X-ray spectrum of target material
7 When fast moving electrons strike a metal of high atomic number, the percentage of energy converted with X-rays is
a) about 10% b) about 20% c) less than 10% d) less than 40%
8 In an X-ray tube
a) applied potential is 1000V b) applied potential is 106 V
c) cathode and anode emit electrons d) X-rays move from cathode to anticathode
9 The intensity of X-rays depends on
a) KE of electrons b) number of electrons striking
c) total momentum of electrons d) none of the above
10 X-ray absorption will be a maximum for sheets of
a) Ag b) Pb c) Cu d) Fe
Answer all questions Time 30 min
Max 20 marks
1 The maximum frequency of υ of continuous X-ray is related to the applied potential difference V as
a) υ α V1/2 b) υ α V c) υ α V3/2 d) υ α V2
2 Generation of X-ray is a
a) phenomenon of conversion of mass into energy
b) principle of conservation of momentum
c) phenomenon of conversion of kinetic energy into radiant energy
d) none of the above
3 X-rays can be used
a) to cure blood cancer
b) to detect defects in precious stones and diamonds
c) to detect gold under the earth
d) for cutting and welding metals
4 In the production of X-rays by Coolidge tube, intensity and quality of X-rays
a) can be controlled independently
b) cannot be controlled independently
c) are one and the same
d) none of the above
5 The intensity of X-rays mainly depends upon
a)nature of the target material b) nature of the gas in the tube
c) current in the tube d) accelerating voltage applied
6 The maximum frequency of limit of continuous X-rays depend on
a) KE of incident electron b) nature of the target
c) degree of vacuum in the tube
d) the shortest wavelength in the characteristic X-ray spectrum of target material
7 When fast moving electrons strike a metal of high atomic number, the percentage of energy converted with X-rays is
a) about 10% b) about 20% c) less than 10% d) less than 40%
8 In an X-ray tube
a) applied potential is 1000V b) applied potential is 106 V
c) cathode and anode emit electrons d) X-rays move from cathode to anticathode
9 The intensity of X-rays depends on
a) KE of electrons b) number of electrons striking
c) total momentum of electrons d) none of the above
10 X-ray absorption will be a maximum for sheets of
a) Ag b) Pb c) Cu d) Fe
CSIR-JRF/NET-Physical Science
Atomic and Molecular Physics test-7
Answer all questions Time 30 min
Max 20 marks
1 Energy levels A , B, C of a certain atom correspond to increasing values of energy, that is, EA
c) λ1 +λ2 + λ3 =0 d) λ3 =(λ1 + λ2)/2
2 For H-atom, in the lowest energy level, the angular momentum of the electron is
a) h/2π b) h/π c)2 h/π d) 2π/h
3 The angular momentum of the electron in the nth orbit is given by
a) nh b) h/2π n c) nh/2π d) 2π/nh
4 The energy required to remove an electron in a H-atom from n=10 state is
a) 13.6eV b) 1.36eV c) 0.136eV d) 0.0136eV
5 If EN and JN denote the total energy magnitude and angular momentum of an electron in the nth orbit of a Bohr atom, then
a) EN α JN b) EN α 1/JN c) EN α JN2 d) EN α JN2
6 Ionisation potential of hydrogen is 13.6eV. H-atom in the ground state are excited by monochromatic radiation of energy 12.1eV. The spectral lines emitted by hydrogen atom according to Bohr’s theory will be
a) one b) two c) three d) four
7 The ground state energy of H-atom is 13.6eV. The energy needed to ionise H-atom in its second excited state is
a) 1.51eV b) 0 c) -13.6eV d) 6.8eV
8 The total energy of the electron in the H-atom in the ground state is -13.6eV. The KE of this electron is
a) 13.6 b) 0 c) -13.6eV d) 3.4eV
9 The energy levels of a certain atom for first, second and third levels are E, 4E/3 and 2E respectively. A photon of wavelength λ is emitted for a transition 3 to 1. What will be the wavelength of emission for transition 2 to 1
a) λ/ 3 b) 4λ/ 3 c) 3λ/ 4 d) 3λ
10 The series limit of Balmer series is 640nm. The series limit of Paschen series will be
a) 1868nm b) 6400nm c) 240nm d) 1440nm
Answer all questions Time 30 min
Max 20 marks
1 Energy levels A , B, C of a certain atom correspond to increasing values of energy, that is, EA
c) λ1 +λ2 + λ3 =0 d) λ3 =(λ1 + λ2)/2
2 For H-atom, in the lowest energy level, the angular momentum of the electron is
a) h/2π b) h/π c)2 h/π d) 2π/h
3 The angular momentum of the electron in the nth orbit is given by
a) nh b) h/2π n c) nh/2π d) 2π/nh
4 The energy required to remove an electron in a H-atom from n=10 state is
a) 13.6eV b) 1.36eV c) 0.136eV d) 0.0136eV
5 If EN and JN denote the total energy magnitude and angular momentum of an electron in the nth orbit of a Bohr atom, then
a) EN α JN b) EN α 1/JN c) EN α JN2 d) EN α JN2
6 Ionisation potential of hydrogen is 13.6eV. H-atom in the ground state are excited by monochromatic radiation of energy 12.1eV. The spectral lines emitted by hydrogen atom according to Bohr’s theory will be
a) one b) two c) three d) four
7 The ground state energy of H-atom is 13.6eV. The energy needed to ionise H-atom in its second excited state is
a) 1.51eV b) 0 c) -13.6eV d) 6.8eV
8 The total energy of the electron in the H-atom in the ground state is -13.6eV. The KE of this electron is
a) 13.6 b) 0 c) -13.6eV d) 3.4eV
9 The energy levels of a certain atom for first, second and third levels are E, 4E/3 and 2E respectively. A photon of wavelength λ is emitted for a transition 3 to 1. What will be the wavelength of emission for transition 2 to 1
a) λ/ 3 b) 4λ/ 3 c) 3λ/ 4 d) 3λ
10 The series limit of Balmer series is 640nm. The series limit of Paschen series will be
a) 1868nm b) 6400nm c) 240nm d) 1440nm
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