Higgs boson
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What Is the Question?.
What Is the Question?.
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The Higgs boson or Higgs particle is a proposed elementary particle in the Standard
Model of particle physics. The Higgs boson is named after Peter Higgs who, along with others, proposed the mechanism thatpredicted such a particle in 1964. The existence of the Higgs
boson and the associated Higgs field explain why the other massive elementary particles
in the standard model have their mass. In this theory, the Higgs field has a non-zero
field everywhere, even in its lowest energy state. Other massive elementary particles
obtain mass through the continuous interaction with this field (however, not all
elementary particles have mass). The Higgs field interaction is the simplest mechanism
which explains why some elementary particles have mass. The Higgs boson—the smallest
possible excitation of the Higgs field—has been the target of a long search in particle
physics. One of the primary design goals of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN
inGeneva, Switzerland—one of the most complicated scientific instruments
ever built— was to test the existence of the Higgs boson and measure its
properties.
Model of particle physics. The Higgs boson is named after Peter Higgs who, along with others, proposed the mechanism thatpredicted such a particle in 1964. The existence of the Higgs
boson and the associated Higgs field explain why the other massive elementary particles
in the standard model have their mass. In this theory, the Higgs field has a non-zero
field everywhere, even in its lowest energy state. Other massive elementary particles
obtain mass through the continuous interaction with this field (however, not all
elementary particles have mass). The Higgs field interaction is the simplest mechanism
which explains why some elementary particles have mass. The Higgs boson—the smallest
possible excitation of the Higgs field—has been the target of a long search in particle
physics. One of the primary design goals of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN
inGeneva, Switzerland—one of the most complicated scientific instruments
One possible signature of a Higgs boson from a simulated proton–proton collision. It decays almost immediately into two jets of hadronsand two electrons, visible as lines.[Note 1] | |
ever built— was to test the existence of the Higgs boson and measure its
properties.
Because of its role in a fundamental property of elementary particles, the Higgs boson has
been referred to as the "God particle" in popular culture, although virtually all scientists regard
this as a hyperbole. According to the Standard Model, the Higgs particle is a boson, a type of
particle that allows multiple identical particles to exist in the same place in the same quantum
state. Furthermore, the model posits that the particle has nointrinsic spin, no electric charge,
and no colour charge. It is also very unstable, decaying almost immediately after its creation.
been referred to as the "God particle" in popular culture, although virtually all scientists regard
this as a hyperbole. According to the Standard Model, the Higgs particle is a boson, a type of
particle that allows multiple identical particles to exist in the same place in the same quantum
state. Furthermore, the model posits that the particle has nointrinsic spin, no electric charge,
and no colour charge. It is also very unstable, decaying almost immediately after its creation.
On 4 July 2012, the CMS and the ATLAS experimental collaborations at the
Large Hadron Collider
announced that they observed a new boson that is consistent with the Higgs boson,
noting that further data and analysis were needed before the particle could be positively identified.
Large Hadron Collider
announced that they observed a new boson that is consistent with the Higgs boson,
noting that further data and analysis were needed before the particle could be positively identified.
The existence of the Higgs boson was predicted in 1964 to explain the Higgs
The Higgs boson is named after Peter Higgs, who in 1964 wrote one of three ground-breaking papers
alongside the work of Robert Brout and François Englert and Tom Kibble, C. R. Hagen and Gerald
Guralnik covering what is now known as the Higgs mechanism and described the related Higgs
field and boson.
alongside the work of Robert Brout and François Englert and Tom Kibble, C. R. Hagen and Gerald
Guralnik covering what is now known as the Higgs mechanism and described the related Higgs
field and boson.
Technically, it is the quantum excitation of the Higgs field, and the non-zero value of the ground
state of this field gives mass to the other elementary particlessuch as quarks and electrons through
the Higgs mechanism. The Standard Model com
pletely fixes the properties of the Higgs boson, except for its mass. It is expected to have no
spin and no electric or colour charge, and it interacts with other particles through the weak i
nteraction and Yukawa-type interactionsbetween the various fermions and the Higgs field.
state of this field gives mass to the other elementary particlessuch as quarks and electrons through
the Higgs mechanism. The Standard Model com
pletely fixes the properties of the Higgs boson, except for its mass. It is expected to have no
spin and no electric or colour charge, and it interacts with other particles through the weak i
nteraction and Yukawa-type interactionsbetween the various fermions and the Higgs field.
Because the Higgs boson is a very massive particle and decays almost immediately when
created, only a very high-energy particle accelerator can observe and record it. Experiments
to confirm and determine the nature of the Higgs boson using the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
at CERN began in early 2010, and were performed at Fermilab's Tevatron until its close in late
2011. Mathematical consistency of the Standard Model requires that any mechanism capable
of generating the masses of elementary particles become visible at energies above 1.4 TeV;[6]
therefore, the LHC (designed to collide two 7 TeV proton beams, but currently running at
4 TeV each) was built to answer the question of whether or not the Higgs boson exists.[7]
created, only a very high-energy particle accelerator can observe and record it. Experiments
to confirm and determine the nature of the Higgs boson using the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
at CERN began in early 2010, and were performed at Fermilab's Tevatron until its close in late
2011. Mathematical consistency of the Standard Model requires that any mechanism capable
of generating the masses of elementary particles become visible at energies above 1.4 TeV;[6]
therefore, the LHC (designed to collide two 7 TeV proton beams, but currently running at
4 TeV each) was built to answer the question of whether or not the Higgs boson exists.[7]
On 4 July 2012, the two main experiments at the LHC (ATLAS and CMS) both reported
independently the confirmed existence of a previously unknown particle with a mass of about
125 GeV/c2 (about 133 proton masses, on the order of 10−25 kg), which is "consistent with the
Higgs boson" and widely believed to be the Higgs boson. They cautioned that further work would
be needed to confirm that it is indeed the Higgs boson (meaning that it has the theoretically
predicted properties of the Higgs boson and is not some other previously unknown particle) and,
if so, to determine which version of the Standard Model it best supports
independently the confirmed existence of a previously unknown particle with a mass of about
125 GeV/c2 (about 133 proton masses, on the order of 10−25 kg), which is "consistent with the
Higgs boson" and widely believed to be the Higgs boson. They cautioned that further work would
be needed to confirm that it is indeed the Higgs boson (meaning that it has the theoretically
predicted properties of the Higgs boson and is not some other previously unknown particle) and,
if so, to determine which version of the Standard Model it best supports
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